defence communications cabling standard

As usual, however, the QPL isnt the easiest government resource to navigate, but its nevertheless far easier and more reassuring than any other method. Its important to note that while the standards described above are likely to be encountered by designers, theyre not the only ones, as the primary standards refer to many others (such as MIL-STD-202). So, the standard now specifies continuously sweeping maximum VSWR and attenuation from 50 MHz to 11 GHz with VSWR remaining at or below 1.15:1 at 100 MHz and 1.33:1 at 11 GHz. Control: ISM-1107; Revision: 5; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: O, P; Essential Eight: N/AOFFICIAL and PROTECTED wall outlet boxes are coloured neither salmon pink nor red. An enormous number of DoD standards remain in place. Not surprisingly, there are even standards defining how standards must be formatted and how their content must be presented. Control: ISM-1130; Revision: 4; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AIn shared facilities, cables are run in an enclosed cable reticulation system. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. MIL-DTL-17 is the primary standard designers refer to when designing or specifying cables for military and aerospace applications. Among the changes from the 2017 edition, a new general article in Chapter 8 consolidates redundant requirements. The primary purpose of the new article is to consolidate redundant requirements by placing them into one general article. Authors notes: NFPA 70, NFPA, National Fire Protection Association, National Electrical Code, and NEC are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association. Control: ISM-0181; Revision: 3; Updated: Mar-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/A The text of Section 725.121(C) in the 2020 NEC states: (C) Marking. In shared facilities, uniquely identifiable Security Construction and Equipment Committee (SCEC)-approved tamper-evident seals should be used to provide evidence of any tampering or illicit access to TOP SECRET cable reticulation systems. '!G)QD \, t@E@m*La}D{#MCpI IfS]>,oq0@Xzi_$KpK`WEpY?Kv[ 6'$hm`--0kFMU4|N9m+>$4=R~QUF{O>(7pq10F S #. (1) Classified as Communications Circuits. 190 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<67460E567C4E2643BAC2C255874CA958>]/Index[170 34]/Info 169 0 R/Length 95/Prev 165117/Root 171 0 R/Size 204/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The National Electrical Code (NEC) is published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) with the revisions on a three-year schedule. Control: ISM-1164; Revision: 3; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AIn shared facilities, conduits or the front covers of ducts, cable trays in floors and ceilings, and associated fittings are clear plastic. Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors shall be permitted in the same listed communications cable with communications circuits.. Painting the cables can change the cable performance properties in unknown ways. It was, in fact, eliminated without replacement in 2001, but was subsequently resurrected after a 2016 study determined that such a massive task would be worth the effort. Consequently, Section 250.119 does not apply to communications circuits because that section is not referenced in Chapter 8. Audio secure rooms are designed to prevent audio conversations from being overheard. N _rels/.rels ( j0@QN/c[ILj]aGzsFu]U ^[x 1xpf#I)Y*Di")c$qU~31jH[{=E~ If lengths become excessive, TOP SECRET fibre-optic fly leads should be treated as cabling infrastructure and run in TOP SECRET conduit or fixed infrastructure, such as desk partitioning. hb```f``*b`2T@ ( The International Standards Organization (ISO) and International Electrochemical Committee (IEC) collectively work toward establishing standards for cabling. PK ! %%EOF Obtaining advice from the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) on emanation security threats is vital to protecting SECRET and TOP SECRET systems. Making sure your network keeps pace with evolving technologies requires a strategic investment. March 30th Webinar: How Fiber Infrastructure Optimizes Delivery of Smart Municipal Services. We are a data wiring installation company that works to help customers with installation needs. 1). Disability Discrimination Administering Agency Attorney-General's Department In the 2020 NEC, Informational Notes were added to Sections 725.24 and 760.24. Note, this does not necessarily mean that cables need to be fully visible all the time. The defence Estate Quality Management System (http://www.defence.gov.au/im/) contains further requirements including the principles of development, zone planning, site selection, engineering requirements and environmental impact assessment and approval requirements. 0 The Defence Cabling Standard Revision Working Committee is to revise AS/CA S035:2015 Requirements for installation of temporary field telecommunications customer cabling for defence purposes Australian Standard, to: RepresentativesBlulen, CISCO Systems, Comtest Laboratories, Department of Defence, Foxtel, Free TV Australia, IBM, Market Access, nbn, Optus, Telstra, TPG Telecom, Trillium Technology, Vocus, VTI Services. Whether youre an expert industry veteran or a new professional, your work will make an impact. S@=k)zzhL=*wJ7-/ The Telecommunications (Types of Cabling Work) Amendment Declaration 2009 (No.1) ( the Amendment Declaration) was made by the Australian Communications and Media Authority ( the ACMA) on 29/09/2009. All facilities will contain structured cabling systems to support building management and control functions. hbbd```b``OoM0"H e#d"[`q1"Al{#}P %3| _u Provide flexibility, scalability and functionality as you expand your networks and roll out new technologies. CCCA makes no warranty regarding the accuracy of the information provided in this paper, and expressly disclaims any implied warranties and any liability for use of the paper or reliance on views expressed in it. That said, when a solicitation calls out that a specific component within the system must be QPL-listed, theres the distinct possibility that the contracting officer may for whatever reason simply reject it. Definitions used in multiple articles (other than just Chapter 8) have been moved to the definitions section in Chapter 1. \3 b. TIA-568-D.3 addresses components of fiber optic cable systems, and. Copper Cabling - 4pr, 25pr, 100pr, or more Current Ethernet "category" cable standards: Cat 3, 5/5e, Cat 6, Cat 7/7a & Cat 8 Backbone & Horizontal Distribution PVC & Plenum, Outdoor, Indoor, & Riser Patch Panels & Termination Blocks Cable Trays & Raceways Wall Mount Racks & Freestanding Racks & Cabinets %%EOF The listing requirements for Limited Power (LP) Cables are in Section 725.179(I) in the 2017 NEC. We provide complete solutions to keep your small business running smoothly. Moreover, the primary cable and connector standards themselves are divided into various categories, including testing materials, qualification, conformance testing and inspection, and electromagnetic compatibility (which has its own set of standards). When completed, its hoped that the result will serve as a useful guide for the selection and use of RF/microwave connectors and cables. The installation of Class 2 and Class 3 circuits in communications cables is covered in 2017 NEC Sections 725.139(D)(1) and 800.133(A)(b). This was obviously written with power cables in mind. Control: ISM-1103; Revision: 3; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AIn TOP SECRET areas, cable reticulation systems leading into cabinets not in server rooms or communications rooms are terminated at the boundary of the cabinet. |-!AsVyY9l"aZg/;G`y_2J(nUV1%p(I~yypB"p4@1 Transparent wall outlet box covers allow for inspection of cable cross-patching and tampering. 1 - Industry 4.0, A.I., SPE, 5G edge discussion, Legrand, Superior Essex unveil commercial 'Hi-PoE' cabling system at BICSI Winter, Communications Cable and Connectivity Association. To avoid confusion, it is important that, regardless of the type of cabling involved, a consistent cable colour is used. In addition to network communications and data systems, some common building management structured cabling systems found within facilities are: A cables protective sheath is not considered to be a conduit. Expand your network footprint and performance with flexible FTTX approaches. This standard, which is dedicated to coaxial connectors, provides requirements and test methods for them when used with flexible and semi-rigid cables. 800.21 Access to Electrical Equipment Behind Panels Designed to Allow Access, 800.26 Spread of Fire or Products of Combustion. For example, while SECRET and TOP SECRET wall outlet boxes have designated wall outlet box colours, wall outlet boxes for other systems may be any colour except for those reserved for SECRET and TOP SECRET systems. These notes state, respectively, Paint, plaster, cleaners, abrasives, corrosive residues, or other contaminants may result in an undetermined alteration of Class 1, Class 2, Class 3 and PLTC cable properties, and, Paint, plaster, cleaners, abrasives, corrosive residues, or other contaminants may result in an undetermined alteration of PLFA and NPLFA cable properties.. Accomplishing that wont be simple, however, because although 0.8-mm connectors are currently in production for test-and-measurement platforms, research is underway concerning 0.6-mm and even 0.4-mm connectors designed to serve systems operating at hundreds of gigahertz. Where multiple connection points have the same rating, a single label shall be permitted to be used. The key is how to decipher them. Control: ISM-1821; Revision: 0; Updated: Mar-23; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/ATOP SECRET cables, when bundled together or run in conduit, are run exclusively in their own individual cable bundle or conduit. Control: ISM-0216; Revision: 3; Updated: Mar-23; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/ATOP SECRET patch panels are installed in individual TOP SECRET cabinets. 2023 Endeavor Business Media, LLC. 384.0966 703.1378 213.6692 68.9438 re Coax cables meeting MIL-STL-17 have high thermal conductivity for excellent power-handling capability over broad temperature ranges and shielding effectiveness ranges from 40 to 60 dB, along with very low passive intermodulation distortion. Command, Control, Communications, Computing and Intelligence (C4I), all Radar & Radio airfield navigation & information systems and all Communications-Electronics (C-E) equipment, peripherals and cabling, its location, infrastructure, environment and Radio Site Restriction zones. 2020 NEC Section 805.179(D) has new provisions that recognize the listing of communications Limited Power (LP) cables for these applications. Communications cables, Types CMP, CMR, CMG and CM Coaxial cable TV cables, Types CATVP, CATVR and CATV Class 2 cables, Types CL2P, CL2R and CL2 Class 3 cables, Types CL3P, CL3R and CL3 Power-limited fire alarm cables, Types FPLP, FPLR and FPL The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) develops standards governing the security, storage, transfer and management of information. x5:]o?"L`:mEk|aa_^drROb4NV32A&M%4;9/[p:)ankYz}va+G"n(bvW-WpsSdn4WMQ.M^}/Lj._vEiKt\:yk[]lo=v*hXUi 3g7$ bU7&er@},aqnC{M^uakO 1a)>i PZ_?Q*x(7"$*b$ EDp6\m"A]@E VpIh /%T>W These new marking requirements facilitate matching the ampacities of the cables with the output current of the power supply. We pay our respect to their elders past and present and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples today. Yet, specifying these products in todays robust market can still be very confusing, and the goal of this article is to provide basic information about U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) standards related to cables and connectors. Although widely used in the industry, the term data/comm cables does not appear in the NEC. Join our dynamic team of talented innovators as we redefine connectivity across the globe. 203 0 obj <>stream Rather, they are agreements that equipment vendors assume when developing form factors for communications interface. 4190 0 obj <>/Encrypt 4172 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7F9B1846C7D73ED6D83773510E3174B0><54F53406E92C39458E9337FDC4B282E1>]/Index[4171 48]/Info 4170 0 R/Length 98/Prev 994180/Root 4173 0 R/Size 4219/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Control: ISM-0218; Revision: 6; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/AIf TOP SECRET fibre-optic fly leads exceeding five metres in length are used to connect wall outlet boxes to ICT equipment, they are run in a protective and easily inspected pathway that is clearly labelled at the ICT equipment end with the wall outlet boxs identifier. Peter McNeil is a marketing manager at Pasternack. Since the earliest days of RF and microwave connectors, the challenge for those defining them has been to provide the highest possible performance using the most advanced fabrication technology available at the time. In fact, DoDs federal acquisitions policy document notes that if a company can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the contracting officer that its product meets QPL standards before the date specified for the award of a contract, it cant be denied the opportunity to submit a proposal solely because the companys product isnt on the QPL. 4171 0 obj <> endobj Enabling safer, more successful tactical and strategic missions We work outside the traditional contractor model to deliver secure defense communications across the globe Viasat is a private sector partner and national asset to the U.S. Department of Defense and coalition military forces. MIEE - Chapter 28 Power Control & Monitoring Systems (PCMS) MIEE 2011, Amend 3 - 1 June 2018 Chapter 28 - PCMS Page 1 of 57 . .DxO%xyx #s$B)"45~cp)Zc@ 0 ?xxAomJgE.i /^ Perhaps the worst example of this is MIL-HDBK-216, a handbook that covers RF transmission lines and connectors that hasnt been revised since 1962 (Fig. Class 2 and Class 3 circuit conductors shall be permitted in the same cable with communications circuits, in which case the Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be classified as communications circuits and shall meet the requirements of this article. Sleeves and openings for communications cabling shall be coordinated with the other consultants to determine the location, clearances from other trades, structural concerns, etc . There is an exception for communications, Class 2, Class 3 and power-limited fire alarm cables operating at less than 50 volts. 7949 0 obj <> endobj SA & SA/SNZ. The following are examples of interest to manufacturers, installers, distributors and users of data/comm cables. Fibre-optic cables do not produce, nor are influenced by, electromagnetic emanations; thereby offering the highest degree of protection from electromagnetic emanation effects. In shared facilities, clear covers on enclosed cable reticulation systems are a convenient method of maintaining inspection requirements. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a global organization that seeks to advance innovation and technological excellence. Although this standard is designated for coaxial cables used in airborne platforms, it can also be an alternative to MIL-DTL-17, especially for higher frequencies. Control: ISM-1095; Revision: 5; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AWall outlet boxes denote the systems, cable identifiers and wall outlet box identifier. Furthermore, the use of designated cable colours can provide an easy way to distinguish cables for SECRET and TOP SECRET systems from cables for other systems. All rights reserved. Conductors of one or more Class 2 and Class 3 circuits shall be permitted in the same cable with conductors of communications circuits provided that the cable is a listed communications cable that shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of Part V of Article 805. The target in the future will be attempting to ruggedize these connectors for defense applications, which are obviously far more demanding than relatively benign benchtop environments. 0 Utilize tools and accessories that make indoor and outdoor installations and maintenance quick and easy. In the 2020 NEC, Section 840.160 has been modified to clarify that: The communications cables must be listed communications cable with the listing in accordance with Section 805.179; The communications equipment must be listed communications equipment with the listing in accordance with Section 805.170; The power source must be listed in accordance with Section 840.170(G); Listed 4-pair communications cables are permitted to substitute for Class 2 and Class 3 cables installed in accordance with Section 725.144 and with the cable substitution requirements Section 725.154(A). Page 2 of 32 TasNetworks Standard - Communications and Data Cabling Standard Authorisations Action Name and title Date Prepared by John Gangemi Senior Asset Strategy Engineer, Secondary Systems, Asset Strategy The 2020 NEC, which replaces the 2017 NEC, was issued by the NFPA in August, 2019. There can be several reasons for this. The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation should be consulted before any modifications are made to TOP SECRET audio secure rooms. sC. %%EOF New Fujikura fusion splicing accessories now available from AFL include the FSR-115, FSR-116 and FSR-117 optical fiber recoaters, and the CT-114, CT-115 and CT-116 fiber cleavers Leviton brings new global cabling systems plus sustainability to BICSI Winter, Cisco Live, PODCAST: Kam Patel, CommScope, Pt. Control: ISM-1646; Revision: 0; Updated: Jun-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AFloor plan diagrams contain the following: Well documented cable labelling processes and procedures can make cable verification and fault finding easier. Regardless, there wont be any shortage of problems to solve for cable and connector manufacturers in the future, as well as for the organizations charged with the responsibility of creating standards for them. Meet technical and functional requirements while taking care of aesthetics at the front of your copper and fiber networks. Structured Cabling System . It details specifications for flexible and semi-rigid . For 50- cables, the most important changes were the addition of swept-frequency measurements for attenuation and return-loss requirements (voltage standing-wave ratio or VSWR). The way end users make purchasing decisions is altered by n, The first ride of the team @thoemusmaxon on Brazilian soil to get used to the climate. Communications and Cabling Standards - University of Sydney Fortunately, the DoDs Qualified Manufacturers List (QML) and Qualified Product List (QPL) serve this purpose and represent the gold standard for selecting acceptable products. Q?+*{(dzz\ t? S*$#|a jWT8r'@lH!Pa ?l-(9/AaT;6(p/l%Bbd4BQ,W;ki"H#hk2'70\u{'>W6!YW-"$P[.CFCGiByR. Where active fire suppression is present, all cable types, except limited-use (CMX and CATVX), are permitted under the raised floor. Optical fiber cables, Type OFNP, OFCP, OFNR, OFCR, OFNG, OFCG, OFN and OFC, Communications cables, Types CMP, CMR, CMG and CM, Coaxial cable TV cables, Types CATVP, CATVR and CATV, Class 2 cables, Types CL2P, CL2R and CL2, Class 3 cables, Types CL3P, CL3R and CL3, Power-limited fire alarm cables, Types FPLP, FPLR and FPL. Many of the installation requirements for data/comm cables have been consolidated to new Article 800, including the following. 7964 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<19CA5B9FD300BC40A3823C87A480C8C7>]/Index[7949 38]/Info 7948 0 R/Length 81/Prev 484016/Root 7950 0 R/Size 7987/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream In doing so, cable registers should track all cabling changes throughout the life of a system. That exception is clearly inadequate because many communications, Class 2, Class 3 and power-limited fire alarm circuits operate above 50 volts. Consequently, communications cables may be inadvertently spray-painted or coated with foreign substances. Listed 4-pair communications cables are almost always used in place of listed 4-pair Class 2 or Class 3 cables as permitted by the Cable Substitutions Table 725.154(A). Defence Communications Cabling Standard (1 products available) 1/6. The most important and most obvious change is that Chapter 8 has a new general article. Keeping the lengths of TOP SECRET fibre-optic fly leads to a minimum prevents clutter around desks, prevents damage, and reduces the chance of cross-patching and tampering. https://www.facebook.com/MachineDesignMagazine/, https://www.linkedin.com/company/10998894, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXKEiQ9dob20rIqTA7ONfJg. Control: ISM-1721; Revision: 0; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/ATOP SECRET wall outlet boxes are coloured red. Control: ISM-1111; Revision: 3; Updated: Mar-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AFibre-optic cables are used for cabling infrastructure instead of copper cables. The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) represents the interests of the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. Structured Plus Communications guarantees that all Telecommunications Cabling Standards will be met or exceeded. In some circumstances, cables for different systems can be bundled together or run in a common conduit in order to reduce costs, such as cables for OFFICIAL and PROTECTED systems. Millimeter-wave frequencies take this to an entirely new level because the required coaxial connectors are incredibly tiny and fragile. *b"O m"gf&~s~J(J(J(J(J(N^'71bZE[6 ?DV OlcQ! Control: ISM-1102; Revision: 3; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/ACable reticulation systems leading into cabinets are terminated as close as possible to the cabinet. The cables shall be listed as communications cables.. In some instances this results in slightly higher ampacities being permitted. Control: ISM-1718; Revision: 1; Updated: Mar-23; Applicability: S; Essential Eight: N/ASECRET cables are coloured salmon pink. Cabling infrastructure should be installed by an endorsed cable installer to the relevant Australian Standards to ensure personnel safety and system availability. DMS supports two classes of messages: organizational messages (formal record messages) and individual messages (informal E-mail). Control: ISM-0198; Revision: 3; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/AWhen penetrating a TOP SECRET audio secure room, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation is consulted and all directions provided are complied with. a. Unclassified WLAN systems must be standards-based and IEEE 802.11 compliant in accordance with Paragraph 3.1.a. 107 0 0 65 0 0 cm In order to alert users to this issue, the 2017 NEC added Informational Notes to Articles 770 (optical fiber cables), 800 (communications cables) and 820 (CATV coaxial cables). This is highly desirable for cables designed for use at high frequencies because of higher precision, materials and other factors that must be considered in cables with very small diameters. DIVISION OF FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT. Department of Defense long-haul voice, data, and record traffic system which includes the Defense Data Network, Defense Satellite Communications System . Article 645, Information Technology Equipment, covers the installation of information technology equipment in an information technology equipment room, i.e. Each cable will form part of a structured cabling system and will need to comply with the Australian Standards associated with that system. The paper does not set forth the views of any member or any other party, nor may it be taken as such. The Electronic Components Industry Association (ECIA) committee CE-2.2 is currently in the process of revising specifications for 50- and 75- rigid coaxial transmission lines and connectors per EIA-RS-225A and EIA-RS-259A. This article appeared in Microwaves & RF and has been published here with permission. When cable reticulation systems are used for more than one cable bundle or conduit, it is important that there is a dividing partition or visible gap between cable bundles and conduits to facilitate easier cable inspection. Further information on audio secure rooms can be found in the Attorney-Generals Departments Protective Security Policy Framework, Physical security for entity resources policy. 'Y.M>8g!WPckH}t8B'%gd8Y-HgC;Da$13]3>=CW'0 zW{tIm In addition, cable colours for other systems, such as OFFICIAL and PROTECTED systems, may use the same colour, such as blue. Standards for cables and connectors have served the defense industry well for many years and theres every reason to believe they will continue to do so. The Defence Estate Quality Management System ( http://www.defence.gov.au/estatemanagement/governance/policy/principlesdevelopment/default.asp) contains further requirements including the principles of development, zone planning, site selection, engineering requirements and environmental impact assessment and approval requirements. Local area network (LAN) cables are now nearly universally used for PoE applications. Controlling the routing from cable reticulation systems to cabinets can assist in preventing unauthorised modifications and tampering while also providing easy inspection of cables. The requirement that the Class 2 and Class 3 circuits be classified as communications circuits conflicts with the requirement in Section 840.160 that communications circuits above 60 watts be installed in accordance with Section 725.144. Control: ISM-0208; Revision: 6; Updated: Jun-21; Applicability: All; Essential Eight: N/AA cable register contains the following for each cable: Floor plan diagrams, developed using computer-aided design and drafting software, and using alphanumeric grid referencing, provide an accurate scaled view for each floor and are critical to ensuring that cabling infrastructure components can be easily located by installers and inspectors. Cables run correctly in walls allow for neater installations while maintaining separation and inspection requirements. Build a reliable building connectivity foundation with copper and fiber structured cabling and automated management. It covers the requirements for fixed or concealed cabling or equipment that is connected, or is intended to be connected, to a telecommunications network. In addition, TOP SECRET conduits should be sealed with a visible smear of conduit glue to prevent access. S As this Standard is reproduced from an international standard, the following applies: (a) Its number appears on the cover and title page while the international . Indeed, over the past few years, more than 30 of our team members with standards expertise attended a cumulative 60 different cabling, infrastructure, components and applications standards projects around the world, ensuring that our network solutions work seamlessly when supporting new applications. The other option is to use Limited Power (-LP) cables and to keep the current in each conductor below the ampere limit marked on the cable. endstream endobj startxref For MIL-SPECs, this is MIL-STD-961; for MIL-STDs, it is MIL-STD-962; and for handbooks, it is MIL-STD-967. endstream endobj 7954 0 obj <>stream In the construction of office buildings, cables are often installed before construction is completed. In the 2017 and 2020 NEC, Section 725.144 has two alternate provisions for assuring that the cables carrying power and signaling do not exceed their temperature rating. %PDF-1.6 % The process for certification is daunting (Fig. Control: ISM-1133; Revision: 3; Updated: Dec-21; Applicability: TS; Essential Eight: N/AIn shared facilities, TOP SECRET cables are not run in party walls. PK ! Labelling cables with the correct source and destination details minimises the likelihood of cross-patching and aids in fault finding and configuration management. Recognizing 60 volt DC circuits is a step in the right direction but still inadequate because it does not encompass all Class 2, Class 3 circuits permitted in Tables 11(A), 11(B) in Chapter 9, and all power-limited fire alarm circuits permitted by Tables 12(A) and 12(B) in Chapter 9.

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